Carburation device



P 1, 1930. F. c. F, PORTAIL CARBURATION DEVICE Filed Nov. 2, 1926 2Sheets-Sheet l I N VEN TO R Fernand Charles Frederic Porfail A HomeApril 1, 1930. F. c. F. PORTAlL CARBURATION DEVICE Filed May. 2, 1926 2She'ets-Sheet 2 I/Y VE/Y TOR Fcrnand Char/cs Frederic POr'tQH Afteryover,

Patented Apr. 1, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FERNAND CHARLESFREDERIC PORTAIL, OF

SOCIETE ANONYME LE CARBONE, OF GENNEVILLIERS, FRANCE f GENNEVILLIERS,FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO GARIBURATION DEVICE Application filed November 2,1926, Serial No. 145,800, and in France November 28, 1925.

The efliciency of explosion engines and internal combustion engines, ingeneral, is a function, as is known, of the degree of atomization of thefuel.

Numerous methods have been proposed in view of producing, either at theoutlet of the carburetor in the case of an explosion engine, or at theoutlet of the injector in the case of an internal combustion engine, thespraying of the fuel and the stirring of the latter with the airsupporting the'combustion, so that the mixture of this fuel and of thisair forms a kind of tenuous mist. However the methods actually known donot allow of obtaining a perfect homogeneity of the mixture of air andfuel: in most of the existing apparatus the spraying of the fuel isproduced by means of air entering, through one or more holes, oppositethe inlet orifice of the liquid fuel; these devices ensure but anincomplete spraying or atomization and the mixture of air and fuelobtained in these conditions always contains in suspension small dropsof liquid fuel which are deposited on the walls of the carburetor or ofthe piping leading to the engine and flow down this wall without havingbeen used; this causes an excessive consumption of fuel as well as adiminution of efliciency of the engine.

The present invention has for object a spraying device or atomizerremedying the above-mentioned inconveniences.

This invention is substantially characterized by the application, infront of the spraying nozzle or of the injector for the liquid fuel, ofa device imparting to the liquid fuel and to the air, a rapid helicalmovement so that this mixture forms a very thin sheet having a gyratorymovement, opposite the main air intake feeding the engine.

The sheet thus formed contains a fuel in an extremely divided conditionand, moreowing to its gyratory movement, is encountered at all itspoints by the air being supplied; in these conditions, the mixture ofair and fuel admitted to the engine, has a perfect homogeneity and noloss of fuel through tricklin down can take place.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood, two forms ofconstruction of the device forming the subject matter of the saidinvention will be described hereinafter with reference to theaccompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 shows in vertical section a form of construction of the inventionas applied to any type of carburetor.

Fig. 2 illustrates, also in vertical section, a modification showing theapplication of the invention to a carburetor provided with a co floodedspraying nozzle.

As shown in Fig. 1, the spraying device, forming the subject-matter ofthe invention, comprises a tubular body a, open at both ends, andenclosing a fixed helix or screw 6,

of suitably determined pitch, this helix or screw, frictionally fittedin the tubular body a, is carried by a core 0 the ends of which are ofround shape.

At its lower part, the tubular body a is pro- 7 7 0 vided with anopening (Z, in which opens the spraying nozzle 0 of any type ofcarburetor, and through which enters the air adapted to produce theatomization of the liquid fuel when it issues from the spraying nozzle6;.

this opening has, preferably, a flared shape in order to facilitate theentrance of this atoniizing air.

The tubular body internally presents at its upper part, an ogive profileand opens eo through a calibrated orifice f, 1n a Venturi tube 9 at thepoint where the carbureted mixture is admitted in ordinary carburetors.

Between the tubular body a and the Venturi tube 9 is provided an annularspace 71455 through which enters the primary air feeding the engine.

Under the action of the suction created by the engine within the Venturitube 9 and the tubular body a, theliquid fuel supplied bythe sprayingnozzle 6 and the atomizing air admitted through the tubular body a byfollowing the helix or screw b, which latter imparts to the fuel and airan extremely rapid helical movement promoting their stirring-$5 and thismixture of fuel and air issues through the upper calibrated orifice f ofthe tubular body a in the form of a very thin conical sheet having agyratory movement.

The diameter and the pitch of the screw-- we b, the profile of the roundupper end of the core 0, the profile of the upper part of the inner faceof the tubular body a and the diameter of the calibrated outlet orifice7, which determine the conicity of the sheet of fuel and air arepreferably so devised that the angle at the apex of this conical sheetis very great and as near as possible to 180; in this case, the primaryfeeding air entering into the annular space It encounters the sheet offuel and air Moor-ding to a direction u 'iproximately at ht angles tothis sheet.

Moreover, owin to its movement, this sheet cncoun, red at all its pointsby the printiar air entering the Vonturi tube r through the annularorifice h.

Fig. 2 shows a. form of construction of the invention when it is )liedto a carburetor having a flooded spi g nozzle.

In this case, the tubular body a is extended, at its lower part. in atube i screwed, or secured in any other manner, on the body 7' of thecarlnuetor, in t. pipe in in communication with a cont-:taut level tank;the sp aying nozzle 0 is mounted at the lower part of this tube Theatomizing air admitted into the tubular body a through one or moreorifices Z provided in the tube 71 and opening in an annular chamber mformed in a block a mounted on the tube '11; this annular chamber m canbe put in communication with the atmosphere through a curved tube 0, the

'upper end of which opens in the atmosphere above the normal level X-Xof the fuel in the constant level tank of the carburetor. Then thecarburetor is not in action, the liquid fuel fills the tubular body aand the tube 0 up to the level X--X of the fuel in the constant leveltank.

Upon picking up, all the fuel situated above the spraying nozzle 0 inthe tubular body a and in the tube 0 is sucked by the engine as in thecase of the known carburetors having a flooded spraying nozzle. then thespraying nozzle 0 continues to deliver fuel whilst the air admittedthrough the tube 0 enters through the orifices Z in the tube 91 of thetubular body a. At this moment, the atomizing air thus admitted and theliquid fuel supplied by the spraying nozzle, sucked by the engine, passthrough the tubular body a receiving a helical movement imparted to thesame by the screw 6, and issue in the form of an extremely thin conicalsheet as above stated.

It is to be understood that the forms of construction above describedare given by way of example only, and that the shape, dimensions anddetails of construction of the constituent elements of the atomizingdevice forming the subject-matter of the invention as well as the numberof turns of the helix.

or screw of this device can vary according to the apphcations.

Claims 1. In a carburation device, a fuel nozzle, an atomizer located inadvance of the nozzle in the path of the fuel and consisting of atubular body in the lower end of which the nozzle opens and throughwhich enters only the air adapted to atomize the fuel, a screw mountedon an extended core in the tubular body, the upper end of the core andthe outlet opening of the tubular body being so shaped as -to cause theatomized fuel to issue therefrom in the form of a flattered conicalsheet, and a main air supply tube provided with an opening arranged andshaped so that the main air supply passes through the aforesaidflattened conical sheet of fuel.

2. In a carburation device, a fuel nozzle, an atomizer located inadvance of the nozzle in the path of the fuel and consisting of anopen-ended tubular body in the lower opening of which the nozzle opensand through which enters only the air adapted to atomize the fuel, ascrew mounted on an extended core in the tubular body, the upper end ofthe core and the outlet opening of the tubular body having an ogivalshape so as to cause the atomized fuel to issue therefrom in the form ofa flattened conical sheet, and a main air supply tube provided with anopening arranged and shaped so that the main air supply passes throughthe aforesaid flattened conical sheet of fuel.

The foregoing specification of my Carburation device signed. by me this19th day of October, 1926.

FERNAND CHARLES FREDERIC PORTAIL.

